History Of Cricket For School Project – Cricket is a popular game all over the world including India. It is a bat and ball game between two teams of eleven (11) players each.
In the middle of the cricket field, there is a rectangular field 22 yards long and 10 feet wide. The captain, who won the toss, decides whether his team bats first or bats first (in the field).
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The batting team continues to bat until all ten batsmen are out or a certain number of overs (such as 50 overs or 20 overs) or any other duration.
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On the other hand, the tearing which is bowling and fielding, starts with batting and continues until all ten batsmen are out or the specified overs or any other duration is over.
The team with the most runs is the winner. Cricket matches are played in different formats like 20 overs, 50 overs or 5 day test matches.
The International Cricket Council (ICC) maintains the rules and regulations for cricket around the world. Indian cricket is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
Cricket is played with a ball and a wooden bat. Rounders, the predecessor of cricket, was a popular game in 13th century England during the reign of King Edward I.
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The first major official match was played between Kent and Middlesex in 1719 and the first rules were drawn up in 1744. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lords (formed in 1787) became the reference for the code of ethics used in cricket. The MCC gave proper shape to cricket by framing the rules and regulations in 1835.
The Imperial Cricket Conference was established in 1889 to regulate its development, which in 1952 became the International Cricket Conference, later called the International Cricket Council (ICC). In the first half of the 20th century, the game spread to other Commonwealth countries.
Cricket worldwide is governed and governed by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Cricket is played in three formats: Test match (since 1844), One Day (since 1975), Twenty20 (since 2007).
Cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th century. The first Indian cricket club was named Orient Club Mumbai in 1848.
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The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body of cricket in India; has been regulating team selection since 1929.
India recorded their first Test win in their 24th match against England in Madras (now Chennai) in 1952. India won the World Cup in 1983 and 2011. They also won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2007 and the ICC Champions Trophy in 2013.
(i) Two teams of 11 players each play on an elliptical court. In the middle between the stumps there is a rectangular strip (field). The choice of batting or fielding as a team is determined by lot.
(ii) On the umpire’s signal, the fielding team will take their place on the field (around the field) while the first 2 batsmen of the opposing team will take their positions in front of the wicket.
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The remaining 9 members of the team are waiting in the clubhouse for their turn to bat. This marks the start of an inning, which ends after 10 batters from one team are out.
(iii) The bowler hits the ball towards the wicket so that the balls fall off the wicket (called breaking the wicket). If successful, the batter is out.
Batsmen must defend their wickets and try to hit the ball beyond the reach of their opponents, so that they have enough time to run from one wicket to another, passing one to another (called running).
(iv) The batsman tries to score as many runs as possible before returning the ball. Some members of the fielding team will try to prevent the batsman from scoring by rushing the ball back and throwing it at the stumps in an attempt to break it before the batsman can complete his run.
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(vi) A series of bowls (minimum 6 bowls) is called an over. The bowler changes position with one of the players in his team after completing his over. After that, the team changes for the game are complete. The winning team is the one that scores the most runs.
It is played over 5 days where the batsman has a good chance to hit maximum runs to create pressure on the opposition team.
There is less pressure on the rate of points per lead. The batting team can declare at any time if they think the score is good, then the innings ends. After that, the other team gets a chance to chase or create pressure for the second innings.
This pattern is followed for five days where both teams have to play two innings to score.
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Otherwise, the match will end in a draw – if there is no result for several days. In a test match 90 overs are bowled in one day. The test match required good batting and bowling skills from both the teams.
It is a very popular form of cricket. In this case, each team has to play an inning of 50 overs (under normal conditions) and the bowler is limited to not bowling more than 10 overs.
Batting first, the team tries to score maximum runs in limited overs (50 overs), then the opposing team chases the score, if they score more than the opponent they win.
A good score is the measure of the game. The new rule of ‘Power Play’ affects the ‘One Day Match’ more. There are now fielding restrictions that can put pressure on the batting team by placing close positions (9 fielders can play within 30 yards). This will be done in three rounds of 5 overs each.
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In Twenty20, two teams have one inning each, which is limited to a maximum of 20 overs. A Twenty20 game is completed in about 3 hours, each lasting about 75-90 minutes and an interval of 10-20 minutes.
It is shorter than previous forms of the game and is closer to the time duration of other popular team sports. This fast-paced form of the game is very attractive to spectators and television viewers.
Bye: When a run is made without the ball touching the bat or any part of the batsman’s body, it is called a bye.
Leg-bye : If the ball touches any part of the batsman’s body other than his hands, it is called Leg-bye.
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No-Ball : A ball is declared a no-ball if it is bowled with a bent arm or if the bowler crosses the line; the batting team gets one run.
Also, he can score runs by hitting a run ball. Batsmen are not given an ‘out’ on a no-ball (except Run-Out). The bowler must bowl an extra ball for a no-ball.
Boundary: If the batted ball touches or crosses the boundary line after touching the ground, 4 runs are awarded.
Runs : In addition to scoring runs, the batsman must also defend his wicket. He doesn’t have to run, even if he hits the ball. This will benefit a hitter who doesn’t hit the ball very well.
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Leg-Before-Wicket (LBW): When the batsman’s leg or any part of his body prevents the ball from touching the wicket.
Deliberate interference : When the batsman obstructs an opponent trying to catch the ball.
Run-Out : When the batsman runs towards the wicket but does not get there in time to place his bat between the edge of the pop-up crease and the opponent breaks the wicket.
Stumped-Out : If he is near his wicket but outside the field area and the wicket is broken by the wicket-keeper.
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: If the batsman deliberately hits the ball a second time (may stand but not hit), then the batsman may not take part in the appeal.
Over: In this case, the player must deliver or bowl 6 times (allowed) consecutively from one end.
Wide-Ball: A ball judged to be too wide on the stumps for the batsman to play.
Appeal: This is a request or shout by the fielder in anticipation of the batsman to be given by the umpire.
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Bouncer: When the bowler bowls the ball fast and short so that it rises to shoulder level after the throw.
How: Appeal by a fielder to the umpire to consider the delivery of the ball more carefully. This appeal puts pressure on the judge to consider them.
Declaration: The process by which the captain of the batting side can call a batsman off the field regardless of the score and end his innings.
Bodyline-Bowling : A type of negative bowling where the ball is aimed to hit the batsman’s body
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Toss : If the fielder bowls the ball and no other fielder can stop the ball from being bowled, the batsman can score runs or edges. Such runs are called knockdowns.
Stance : This is the position or posture of the batsman at the crease before facing the delivery.
Throw-in: This is a pre-match procedure to decide which team will take a kick or a throw-in.
Runner : An additional player to the batsman who runs after the batsman, in case of injury, illness